32.     Thomas Shapter                                                                          1849 


During the three years 1832-34 over 400 Exeter and St. Thomas residents lost their lives in outbreaks of Cholera. 1832 was especially severe with over 1,100 cases reported and some 345 deaths between July 19th and October 27th in Exeter. In 1849 Thomas Shapter MD (elected to the chamber in 1833) wrote a report describing the cholera epidemics affecting Exeter in his The History of the Cholera in Exeter in 1832 (published in London by John Churchill and in Exeter by Adam Holden, 1849). The disease showed that the population of the city was still distributed in the same pattern. The well-to-do parishes were those about the High Street, above North & South Streets, St. Martin, St. Petrock, St. Stephen, St. Lawrence, All Hallows and the Bedford area. The poorer parishes were St. Edmund, St. Mary Major, St. Mary Steps and probably All Hallow on the Walls, in effect the western part[1]. Many of the great merchant houses had been converted into tenements with 8 to 10 persons sharing one room and some larger properties, still occupied by tradesmen and professionals, were now in the midst of brutalising slums.

In the last part of the 18th century the prosperous families escaped from the city to Dix’s Field and the Barnfield or even further out to Heavitree. By the turn of the century Exeter had changed. The thriving industrial and commercial city of 1700 was now a supply centre for goods and services. The cloth industry had all but disappeared. This was all reflected in the Chamber where the members represented the professions and gentility and no longer the merchants and the guilds. The city as Newton wrote in the census of 1831 defined the problems and Exeter, relapsing into the status of a large market town, was ill fitted to deal with them.

Following the cholera epidemic the worst slums were pulled down and some 13 miles of sewers were laid. Plans were made to build 200 labourer’s cottages and although they failed, they led to the Newtown building which started in 1839. In 1838 the commissioners raised £3,000 for the paving of the streets, partly for vehicles and pedestrians and partly to remove the open sewers. In 1834 the New North Road (from Belmont to the New London Inn) was completed and in 1836 Fore Street was lowered to improve the slope. In 1838 Magdalen Street was widened with the houses by the White Hart set back and projections removed and in 1839 the new Queen Street was built between Maddox Row and the High Street. By 1840 the new street pattern was in place to remain within the city for the rest of the century. 

Title: Map of EXETER in 1832 Showing the localities where the Deaths caused by Pestilential Cholera occurred in the years 1832, 1833 & 1834.

Size: 177 x 205 mm (slight projection top right) but no scale. Latitude 50o40’ north and Longitude 3o41’ west are, however, noted.

Imprint: Risdon Lith: Exeter. Note: To face Title page. 

The area shown is from St. Thomas, bottom left, to Pester Lane, top right, where the border is broken to include the cholera burial ground which gave it its name. There are two references: above for references to the cholera such as soup kitchens and deaths in the three years; below for parishes and mortality rates. Interesting points are the shafts for water sunk off Sidwell Street in 1832; Long Brook runs alongside Exe Lane; and the new roads are not shown.

It is a sad drawing showing the places of burial and where clothes burning took place. Death rates were especially high between South Street and Shilhay with very high numbers in the area of Ewings Lane. The final irony: the Great Shilhay, site of the woollen industry for so many years is now the place where the clothes were burnt and buried.


Return to Catalogue

[1] St Mary Major had 388 inhabited houses but only 30% were rated and in St. Mary Steps only some 17% were rated: whereas 80% were rated in St. Lawrence and  100% in St. Martin.


Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Image
  A Brief History of Exeter by Dick Passmore  The Great Conduit stood from 1441 - 1770 (Jenkins entry 17) A Brief History of Exeter   By Dick Passmore   EXETER, the county town of Devon, is one of the oldest cities in England, and able to boast of settlements prior to the Roman invasion of our country, possibly two hundred years before. Iron age settlements have been excavated recently in various areas of the city, although these settlements appear to have been small, possibly just farms, rather than the remains of anything larger. Certainly a Roman legionary fortress was set up in c.55 – 60 AD, lasting until c.75 AD. Recently evidence of further Roman military activity around Exeter has been found, possibly pre-dating the fortress by a few years – but archaeological work on this aspect continues, and at present has to be classed as possible, rather than definite. The early Roman civil town of Exeter was established around 80 AD on the site of the earlier fortress, and was enclose
Read more
Image
  The Printed Maps of Exeter 1587 - 1901 300 Years of Exeter History by Francis Bennett and Kit Batten with an Introduction by Dick Passmore This site is dedicated to the memories of two dear friends who both contributed greatly to the compilation of this work. The site is dedicated to Francis Bennett who contributed so much to the three books we published together and was a much-appreciated friend. The site is also dedicated to Dick Passmore who provided much local know-how, a wonderful Introduction and plenty of very useful advice. I miss them both. Contents A Brief History of Exeter by Dick Passmore The Printed Maps of Exeter – Catalogue of Maps 1 - 64 - Chronological Listing - Browse List Select Bibliography of Books on Devon Maps Appendix A – John Hooker States and Derivatives Appendix B – John Richards Appendix C – Henry Besley Acknowledgements                                         NOTE! New map of Exeter - Birchynshaw 1743 - 10A Blog Disclaime
Read more
Image
  The Printed Maps of Exeter – Catalogue of Maps 1-64   The following maps are listed and described and illustrated (with permission being granted). The numbering is that of the original printed version (published 2010) and lodged in various libraries including the British Library and the Devon Heritage Centre. One new map (no. 64) has been added subsequently. Historic maps, i.e. purporting to show Exeter in an earlier era, have a date in brackets to show this earlier date. Inset Maps are plans of Exeter added to larger maps. NOTE : William Byrchynshaw is 10.A. Click here . 1.        John Hooker                         1587 2.        John Speed (inset map)  1610 3.        Braun & Hogenberg           1618 4.        Daniel Meisner     1637 5.        Matthäus Merian                                1650 6.        Rutgerus Hermannides     1661
Read more