41.     John Murray I                                                                            1863 

The late 1830s had seen the introduction of the handbook or guide book and the prominence of the two publishing houses who would dominate the British market for guidebooks throughout the Victorian era: Murray (Handbook) and A & C Black (Guide). Murray´s first map of Exeter appeared as early as 1863 but it would not be until 1881 that A & C Black included a plan in their guide (49).

John Murray (1778-1843) started the famous series of red-bound guides in 1836 but it was his son, also John, who produced the first county guide; A Handbook for Travellers in Devon & Cornwall was first published in 1850. The early editions did not include any town maps, but the 5th edition of 1863 included a map of Exeter. In the 9^th edition of 1879 the map was replaced by one by Edward Weller (see 48). 

Title: EXETER

Size: 125 x 100 mm but no scale.

No signature and no imprint. 

A fairly simple map of the city extending from St. Thomas to the Cavalry Barracks, showing the new railway and the station off Queen Street. Below the map is a list of 7 buildings. Two notes: To Veitch’s Nursery (bottom right) and To face page 17 (below central). 

The map appeared again in A Handbook for Travellers in Devon and Cornwall sixth and A Handbook for Travellers in Devonshire eighth editions. The 6^th edition of the handbook was published in 1865: page reference 6, Route 1 – Exeter and Sect. 1 all added above plan; To face page 17 deleted (illustrated above). For the eighth edition of 1872 (there was no seventh edition) all added notes were removed along with the reference to Veitch’s Nursery and Albert Museum was added to the list of buildings (illustrated below).

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 42.     Henry James                                                                                1868 

In 1867 the Boundary Commission produced 196 plans of English Boroughs and 51 of Welsh Boroughs. Although the report purported to include each Borough and County, very few county or part-county maps were included.^[1] Henry James (1803-1877) had overseen the initial stages of the later surveying of towns and boroughs in the West Country. He joined the Ordnance Survey in 1827 and became the Director-General in 1854, a post he held until 1875. James was a supporter of lithography and his enthusiasm for the new technique of photo-zincography led to it becoming a standard process in the production of Ordnance Survey maps. He became a Fellow of the Royal Society, was knighted in 1860 and promoted to Lieutenant-General in 1874.

The boundary maps were prepared under the direction of Captain R M Parsons by lithographic transfer with overprinted colour representing the parliamentary boundary of 1832, the proposed Parliamentary boundary of 1868, the municipal boundary, and the parish and township boundaries see also B&B 146). A note explains that: A map of each Borough and County taken from the Ordnance Survey plans is appended to the Reports for the purpose of illustrating the existing and proposed Boundaries. These maps, however, many of which are of old date, are far from conveying an adequate idea of the extension of building which has taken place in recent years, and must not be considered as indicating the character of the Districts within the new proposed Boundaries. The report was printed by George Edward Eyre and William Spottiswoode for HMSO. 

Title: EXETER

Size: 330 x 220 mm with Scale of 3 Inches to One Mile (or 1 Mile = 75 mm).

Signature: Henry James Colonel Royal Engineers (in hand).

Imprint:  Zincographed at the Ordnance Survey Office Southampton under the superintendence of Capt. R. M. Parsons R.E., F.R.A.S. Col. Sir H. James R.E., F.R.S. &c. Director and date below 1868. 

The panel below the map contains James’ signature, scale bar and reference for boundary colours. The title is in a panel top right. The plan covers the whole Exeter area from Cowley Bridge to High Wear and from Wick Lane to East Ponford. The only boundary changes proposed from those of 1832 are in the parish of St. Thomas the Apostle north of Foxhays to just below Exwick and straightening the south boundary by Marsh Barton Lane. But the area names have changed and wards have gone. The five outer areas are now St. David, St. Sidwell, St. Leonard, St. Thomas the Apostle and Heavitree.

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^[1] Besides Devonshire only 8 county maps were included: Cheshire, Derby, Essex, (North and South) Lancs, Lincs, Norfolk, Somerset and Staffs. There were further maps of West Kent, East Surrey and the West Riding of Yorkshire.

 43.     British Association                                                                    1869 

The British Association for the Advancement of Science was founded in 1831 on the lines of a German Institution. William Vernon Harcourt and J F W Johnston were leading advocates of the association in competition with the Royal Society. The first meeting was held in York but annual meetings were held in different cities; in 1869 Exeter was chosen.

Although a guide of sorts may have been printed for attendees only a copy of a specially produced map has been seen by the authors and this has been loosely inserted into a copy of Murray’s Handbook for Travellers (1859)^[1]. However it is highly probable that the map was issued to participants as part of a welcome pack or possibly together with the Report Of The British Association For The Advancement Of Science Held At Exeter In 1869 which would have been presented or sold to each participant who had attended the British Association meeting held in Exeter. This work was published in 1870 by John Murray, London. It was part of an extremely important annual series of original research papers. Containing 800-1000 pp it included 100-120 pp to the rear listing all the members of the association with their qualifications and addresses. 

Title: BRITISH ASSOCIATION  EXETER MEETING 1869

Size: 134 x180 mm and SCALE OF YARDS (600 = 48mm) (or 1 Mile = 140 mm). 

This is a simple block plan naming principal streets, the railways and principal buildings with just under half the area taken up with a list of the Section Rooms and references to other map notes, mostly hotels, above the scale bar. Note the new Albert Memorial Museum; the Fairpark on Magdalen Rd; Rougemont (for castle area); the note Old Cemetery disused; the two telegraph offices; the inaccuracy of the layout to the reservoirs (north of the county gaol); the cross shaped county prison; the alignment of the castle; and the walls are not shown. The Victoria Public Hall was rushed to completion in time for the meeting and was used for concerts, meetings and lectures until the turn of the century.

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^[1] Illustration reproduced by kind permission of Devon Archives & Local Studies - .sWES/1859/HAN..

Documents held at Devon Archives are copyright. Copying, printing, reproducing or sharing images of them on this website is not permitted

 44.     Robert Dymond I                                                                  1873 (1773) 

Robert Dymond’s book, History of the Suburban Parish of St. Leonard, Exeter was published in 1873. In it, Dymond included an up to date map of the city and also a similar map to show the changes since 1773. In 1882 he published a similar work on the Parish of St. Petrock.

 

Title: ST. LEONARD 1773

Size: 180 x 209 but no scale.

Imprint:  G. Wolfenden, Lith, Exon

 

Shows the area from the Cathedral northeast to Liverydole and southeast to the site of St. James Priory bounded by Magdalen Road and the River Exe.[1]

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^[1] Illustration reproduced by kind permission of Devon Archives & Local Studies - .B/EXE/726.5/DYMr.

Documents held at Devon Archives are copyright. Copying, printing, reproducing or sharing images of them on this website is not permitted

 45.     Robert Dymond II                                                                       1873 

Robert Dymond’s book, History of the Suburban Parish of St. Leonard, Exeter was published in 1873. In it, Dymond included an up to date map of the city and also a similar map to show the changes since 1773(see previous entry). In 1882 he published a similar work on the Parish of St. Petrock.

Title: ST. LEONARD 1873

Size: 180 x 209 mm but no scale.

Imprint:  G. Wolfenden, Lith, Exon

 Shows the area east of the Cathedral as before but James Priory is now Old Abbey. Shows the extensive development in Mount Radford together with Topsham Barracks and the changes to the river (e.g. Trews Wear and Salmon Pool near Old Abbey).[1]

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^[1] Illustration reproduced by kind permission of Devon Archives & Local Studies - .B/EXE/726.5/DYMr.

Documents held at Devon Archives are copyright. Copying, printing, reproducing or sharing images of them on this website is not permitted

 46.     Thomas Kerslake                                                                 1873 (925) 

Thomas Kerslake (1812-1891) was born and educated in Exeter but moved to Bristol in 1827. With his brother-in-law he became a second hand bookseller. Although the partnership was dissolved in 1839 he continued in business and retired in 1870 after a disastrous fire. He then became interested in antiquarian studies, especially the Anglo-Saxon period of the south-west, and wrote a number of articles including one in 1890 about a fictional leader in Saxon southwest, Saint Richard the King of Englishmen.

Strictly speaking this is the second printed map of Exeter as it purports to show the area covered by the Saxon mound with the early fortifications at Exeter imposed as it might have been in 925, 1286 and 1778 A.D. It was included in an essay presented by Kerslake to the Archaeological Society. Kerslake wrote about the old division of the City ‘The Celt & Teuton in Exeter’ and it was printed in the Archaeological Journal, Volume 30 (pp.211-225), 1873. A number of changes were carried out before it appeared in Saint Richard; title moved to right; references under map removed; and the shaded area is a little different. 

Title: EXETER. A.D. 925-1286-1778.

Size:190 x 120 mm within borders with references below. No scale.

Signature: Standidge & Co. Litho, London E.C. 

A simple outline plan showing the streets and churches within the city walls, with both the old bridge and Stepcote Lane and the current bridge and Fore Street. The key numbers refer to the adjacent text where Kerslake describes a ‘double city’ with the southern part English and the Northern part British, noting the Celtic saints in the various Chapels north of the High Street.

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 47.     George Washington Bacon                                                          1876

 

Edward Weller could not have imagined how long his maps (county maps, town plans and maps of the railway networks) would continue to be published when he executed them for the Weekly Despatch in 1858 (B&B 136). Issued first with that newspaper at regular intervals, they were bound into atlases published by the same company in 1863. Cassell, Petter & Galpin took over the plates and produced a variety of publications with the county maps. George Washington Bacon bought the plates c.1868 and from 1869 to the early years of the twentieth century reissued the county maps in atlases, e.g. New Large Scale Ordnance Atlas of the British Isles, as well as producing folding maps for the burgeoning leisure industry. Devonshire appeared as two sheets in most of the atlas issues but could be found together or separated in covers as a folding map. In one of these single sheet county map issues, circa 1876, a small inset map of Exeter was introduced.

Title: EXETER (written over map area)

Size: 96 mm diameter with Scale One Mile to the Inch.

 

Circular plan of the city included on a folding map of Devon circa 1876 with the cover: Bacon´s New Pocket Map of Devon. Showing surrounding areas as far as Alphington, Heavitree and St. Thomas. 

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 48.     John Murray II                                                                           1879 

So popular were John Murray’s red-bound books that the company separated Devon & Cornwall in the 9th edition of 1879 and introduced a new, and considerably improved, map for Exeter (replaces 41) for the Devonshire handbook. The plan was used in the Tenth (above) and Eleventh Editions of Murray’s A Handbook for Travellers in Devonshire until 1901. 

Title: EXETER for Murray’s Handbook for Devon

Size: 160 x 190 mm but no scale.

Signature: Edwd Weller (engraver) and publisher’s imprint: London: John Murray Albemarle St. 

The plan covers the area from St. Thomas to Polsloe Park and from the Canal Basin to Exwick. It is the first map to have a grid system to aid finding locations. Although rather a small map it is accurate and detailed and would have been a useful aid to the traveller.

Revised copies of the plan were used in the later 10^th edition of 1887 (with only minor amendments – List of 14 buildings and Bridewell (at B3) becomes Governors and Chaplains houses). The 11th edition (below) of 1895 has roads added and named, especially in quadrants A5-6 and E5; a tunnel under the Tiverton Road for S. W. Railway (A7); and the area northwest of the Workhouse and west of Diocesan Trinity College is extensively developed (C-D6).

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 49.     A & C Black / Bartholomew                                                       1881                                                            

    

Adam Black (1784-1874) started the Edinburgh firm in 1807, his nephew Charles not joining the firm until 1833. Their first Scottish guides appeared in 1839 and in 1843 they published their first Guide to England and Wales. The first guide to the southwest appeared in 1855 with a new, completely revised edition, appearing in 1862 (Devon with Cornwall and Dorset). However, the Devon text was extracted and used concurrently in Black’s Guide to Devonshire. From the 12^th edition of Black’s Guide to England and Wales (1881 above) and the 11^th edition of Black´s Guide to Devonshire (1882) a map of Exeter was included. Apart from the size the two maps were virtually the same. Though only acknowledged in the former work the map was executed by John Bartholomew of Edinburgh. 

Title:  EXETER

Size: 90 x 140 mm with Scale of ¼ mile (20mm) (or 1 Mile = 80 mm).

Signature:  J.Bartholomew, Edinr. and imprint A. & C. Black, Edinburgh.   

A simple street plan from St. Thomas to Polsloe Park and St. David’s Station to Deaf and Dumb Inst. Churches, main roads and principal buildings are noted. Published in 1881 in Black’s Guide to England and Wales (12^th edition) as described.

In 1882 the map appeared for the first time in a county guide, Black’s Guide to Devonshire (11th edition, see illustration). The title remained the same but the map was reduced to 90 x 80 mm and signature removed. A topographical note below shows Hotels; Railway Stations; the Distance from London; the Post Office; Population of Municipal Borough (1881) 37,608; Returns 2 M.P’s (sic).

The map remained unchanged in the subsequent county editions: 12th (1884 above), and 13th (1889 below) but the information below the map changed. In the 14^th edition of Black’s Guide to Devonshire Castle St Ch is rewritten to give space for the New Theatre, the Post Office has moved from Queen Street to High Street, the Cemetery has lost the word New. The Topographical Guide includes Poples New London hotel, and the Bude, White Lion and the City Commercial hotels and the population figure is altered (1891) 37,580.

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 50.     Cassell & Co. Ltd I                                                                     1882 

Our Own Country ... Descriptive, Historical, Pictorial was produced originally in 1882 (two volumes in a five-volume set are dated) and sometime later also for subscribers in 6 volumes. There were five maps in total covering Devon, each set in a page of text in the various volumes. The maps are: Map of the Course of the Plym, Map of North Devon, Map of South Devon, Old Plan of Exeter (a small copy of Braun & Hogenberg) and Map of Exeter. Although the volumes are packed with maps and plans, many have no scale and only maps in the fifth volume of the early set had a printer’s signature. All maps are very small with little detail.

Cassells also published J R Chanter´s Lundy Island complete with a map of the island possibly executed by Chanter himself and a further map of Exeter was published in their guide to the L&SWR in 1888 (57). 

Title: MAP OF EXETER.

Size: 85 x 134 mm with no scale, no signature or imprint. 

The area covered is from Hermitage to Heavitree and only shows the roads and the railways. This appears in Volume 2, p.161 of Our Own Country ... Descriptive, Historical, Pictorial published in London, Paris & Melbourne by Cassell & Co., Ltd in 1882 with reissue in 1898.

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 51.     Alfred Vincent                                                                            1884 

The following map can be found in a guide published by Alfred Vincent, a local printer and publisher: Vincent’s Guide to Exeter. Alfred Vincent published this guide in 1884 but by 1889 Mrs Alfred Vincent was carrying on the business as lithographic printer at 1 Maddocks Row and was still in business at the same address in 1893. 

Title: GROUND PLAN OF EXETER

Size: 192 x 252 mm but no scale.

Imprint: A. Vincent, Exeter Lith. 

This is a simplified street plan showing prominent buildings (some of which are drawn in elevation, e.g. St. Michael’s Ch.). The drawing is rough, inaccurate and sometimes misleading even though it shows nearly all the important buildings. It is interesting to note that some place names are upside down, the Catholic Cathedral at Palace Gate, the Ferry at Quay Lane, the incorrect railway siding in to the Basin and the complete absence of the city walls. The map is the last to show the theatre in Bedford Street as this was ravaged by fire in February 1885 and was replaced by a new building in Longbrook Street.[1]

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^[1] Illustration reproduced by kind permission of Devon Archives & Local Studies - .B/EXE/726.5/DYMr.

Documents held at Devon Archives are copyright. Copying, printing, reproducing or sharing images from this website is not permitted without prior permission.

 52.     Dulau / Bartholomew                                                                  1884 

The Dulau company began their famous Thorough Guide Series in 1882 (North Devon and Cornwall) and 1884 (South Devon and Cornwall, illustrated above). The editors (and probably authors) were M J B Baddeley and Charles Slegg Ward, hence the series became known as the Baddeley & Ward series.

Mountford John Byrde Baddeley (1843-1906), a school master, earned his reputation as the compiler of these Thorough Guide books for pedestrians. He settled in the Lake District which he popularized as a pleasure resort. According to the advertising text in the guides: In English topographical writing for tourists, the Thorough Guide Series is so far ahead of any other that there can scarcely be said to be a good second to it. (Saturday Review, August 28^th, 1886). The Times (August 3^rd, 1887) even went so far as to compare a Baddeley with a Baedeker. A cursory glance at the contents page and page numbering of different editions seems to imply little up-dating, however, a lot of new detail was added for each issue.

In the two volumes, a total of 28 maps of Devon and Cornwall areas were included. The Exeter map was included in both the South and the North guides from 1884. 

Title: EXETER

Size: 150 x 205 mm with Scale of 1/4 Mile (40 mm).

Signature: J Bartholomew Edinr. 

Initially the map has a scale, and even has a reference to Tramway Routes^[1], but the plan has no shading and no graticule (see top illustration, South edition 1884). It only shows the main roads and the principal buildings. The map appeared in all the following: 

Thorough Guide ... North Devon And North Cornwall Second Edition, Revised (1884)

Thorough Guide ... North Devon And North Cornwall Third Edition, Revised (1885-1886)

Thorough Guide ... North Devon And North Cornwall Fourth Edition, Revised (1888)

Thorough Guide ... North Devon And North Cornwall Fifth Edition, Revised (1891-92)

Thorough Guide ... North Devon And North Cornwall Sixth Edition, Revised. (1892-1894)

Thorough Guide ... North Devon And North Cornwall Seventh Edition, Revised. (1896-1901)

 

Thorough Guide Series: No. VII ... South Devon And South Cornwall. First Edition (1884)  

Thorough Guide ... South Devon And South Cornwall Second Edition, Revised (1885-1887)

Thorough Guide ... South Devon And South Cornwall Third Edition Revised. (1889-1890)

Thorough Guide ... South Devon And South Cornwall Fourth Edition, Revised. (1891-1892)

Thorough Guide ... South Devon And South Cornwall Fifth Edition, Revised. (1895-1901)

 

The only major changes were carried out prior to the 1890 South Devon issue. A list of Railway Stations and Hotels has been added outside the map area (left). The Key now has City Walls. A graticule (grid system) has been laid over the map and there are numerous new inclusions, e.g. Barnfield Road and Barnfield Crescent. Some building names have changed, e.g. Bude Haven Hotel (now Bude Hotel), Cavalry Barracks is Higher Barracks and Free Ch. (now Wesleyan Chapel) etc.  The original theatre has now become the Drill Hall (the old theatre in Bedford Street) and there is a New Theatre in Longbrook Street, the foundation stone was laid in May and the theatre opened in October 1886.

For some 1892/1893 and 1901 issues the List of Railway Stations and Hotels has been moved inside the map area (see illustration).

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^[1] The first horse-drawn tram route was opened between St. Sidwell and Heavitree in 1882.