53.     Freeman I                                                                                     1887 

Edward Augustus Freeman (1823-1892) was a medieval and constitutional historian famous for his History of the Norman Conquest. In 1887 the history of Exeter appeared as one of the Historic Towns series edited by Freeman and the Rev. William Hunt and which actually included a total of four maps. Besides the two maps included below, Freeman´s work contained small reproductions of both Braun and Hogenberg (3) and a copy of Daniel Lysons´ representation of the very early manuscript map of Henry VIII (see Lysons, 19). An Edward A Freeman wrote a long section on architecture for inclusion in Baedeker´s Guides to Great Britain (this did not include a map of Exeter until the 1900s).

Both of these maps were printed in Freeman’s History of Exeter: Historic Towns – Exeter by Edward A Freeman, DCL, LL D. which was published by Longmans, Green and & Co., of London, New York and Bombay in 1887 with a Second Edition of 1890 and a Third Edition in 1892 and 1901. 

Title: EXETER 1886

Size: 245 x 160 mm with Scale of Feet (800 = 41 mm) (or 1 Mile = 270 mm).

Imprint:  Longmans, Green, & Co., London, New York, and Bombay.         

A simple street plan covering only the central area from the bridge to St. Sidwell’s and from Queen Street Station to the Devon & Exeter Hospital. Built up areas are shaded. The city wall is shown with the old gates named and the line of the old bridge pecked. Note the reference within the castle grounds that they belong to the County of Devon and also a dashed line off the High Street and crossing South Street with a note Site of Ikenild Way.^[1]

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^[1] This may well be the route of a Roman Road, but the Icknield Way runs from Ivinghoe Beacon in Buckinghamshire to Knettishall Heath in Norfolk and claims to be the oldest road in Britain.

54.     Freeman II                                                                             1887 (C11th)

In 1887 the history of Exeter by Edward Augustus Freeman appeared as one of the Historic Towns series edited by Freeman and the Rev. William Hunt.

The first map is shown in the previous entry and besides the map included below, Freeman´s work contained small reproductions of both Braun and Hogenberg (3) and a copy of Daniel Lysons´ representation of the very early manuscript map of Henry VIII (see Lysons, 19). 

Title: EXETER in the ELEVENTH CENTURY.

Size: 135 x 85 mm with Scale (1/2 mile = 35 mm).

Signature: Stanford’s Geogl Estabt and imprint:

London: Longmans & Co. 

Simply hachured map showing the main roads and walls. This is very similar to the plan included by Kerslake (46) and is found in Historic Towns – Exeter by Edward A Freeman (see also 53).

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 55.     Ward & Lock I                                                                            1887

 

Ebenezer Ward and George Lock started their own firm on Midsummer's Day, 1854. The Locks were an influential Dorchester family and George Lock's father had married Eliza Galpin making George Lock (1832-1891) first cousin to Thomas Dixon Galpin, later to make his name with Cassell, Petter and Galpin. Ebenezer Ward (1819-1902) was a manager for the Illustrated London News publishers' book business. The two were introduced by Thomas Galpin and Ward & Lock was launched with a £1000 loan from George Lock senior, the articles of partnership being signed June 23^rd, 1854. After initial friendly relations and support, contact between the two cousins was broken when Galpin and his partner, George William Petter, took over Cassell's to found a rival business partnership. From 1891 until c.1897 James Bowden was a partner and they traded as Ward, Lock and Bowden Ltd.^[1]

Ward and Lock guides often included maps first published by Henry Besley in the 1850s and smaller maps (e.g. Exeter or Lynmouth) printed by G Philip and Son. Ward & Lock published a number of titles covering Devon; Bideford (from approx. 1897); Dartmoor (1895); Dawlish (1898); Exeter (1898); Exmouth (1898); Ilfracombe (1896); Lynton and Lynmouth (1886); Plymouth (1895); Sidmouth (1899); Teignmouth (1898); and Torquay (1884).^[2] The Exeter plan appeared in Ward & Lock's Pictorial and Historical Guide To North Devon (circa 1887) and Ward & Lock's Pictorial and Historical Guide To South Devon (circa 1888). 

Title: EXETER

Size: 186 x 263 mm with Scale of ¼ Mile  (50 mm).

Imprint:  G. Philip & Son, Fleet Street. 

This is a simple street plan, limited to main roads, with principal buildings blocked and named. The area covered is from St. Thomas Station to St. David’s Station and southeast to the Training College.

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^[1] Edward Liveing; Adventure in Publishing – The House of Ward Lock 1854-1954; Ward, Lock & Co. Ltd; 1954.

^[2] Based on information at www.wardlockredguides.co.uk, British Library and EWSL holdings and author´s own collection.

56.     Ordnance Survey                                                                          1888 

In 1888 the Ordnance Survey produced an Index to the Ordnance Survey of Devonshire Shewing Civil Parishes. It was reissued the same year as the Diagram of the Sanitary Districts in Devonshire and again in 1891 with the first title (B&B 164, illustrated). These maps included an inset map of Exeter. In the same year the Ordnance Survey published the results of their now revised survey of Exeter made in 1875-6. This was published in 41 sheets, each sheet covering an area 0.2 by 0.3 miles at a scale of 1:500 and numbered as sub-divisions of their 1:2500 sheets. These were revised in 1890. In 1890 Exeter’s plans drawn at 1:10,560 (the 6" to the mile) were published on 4 sheets (80 NW, NE, SW, SE). They were revised in 1906 in 1932 and again in 1938.

At the same time, 1887-1892 Charles E Goad produced Insurance Plans for Exeter, at a scale of 1in to 40ft (1:480). These plans were leased and not sold and were continually updated by paste-on slips until 1962. In 1968 they were replaced by their Shopping Centre Plans which are updated at least every two years. The current scale is 1:1000. 

Title: Enlarged Sketch of Portion of the City & County of the City of Exeter.

Size of inset: 115 x 115 mm but no scale. 

The plan shows the parishes with a reference key (bottom right). Note the two areas within the City boundary that are still part of Devon County: A is the County Gaol and B is the Castle. Heavitree, St. Leonard and St. Thomas the Apostle are shown outside the city/county boundary (the old municipal boundary).

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 57.     Cassell & Co. Ltd  II                                                                  1888 

Amongst many railway publications and timetables published by the various operators a few were issued with maps. From 1888 Cassell & Co. published The Official Guide to the London & South Western Railway. This guide contained a number of maps (including a county map of Devon; B&B 165) and plans of railway stations, including Exeter and Plymouth. 

Title: PLAN OF EXETER

Size: 130 x 200 mm. No Scale.

Imprints: London and South Western Railway Official Guide and Cassell & Company, Limited, London. 

The plan can be found in The Official Guide to the London & South Western Railway published in London by Cassell & Co., Ltd. First issued in 1888 it was most probably published annually but only reissues of 1889 and 1891 are known.

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 58.     Kelly / Bryer                                                                                 1889

 

In 1799 Frederick Festus Kelly, His Majesty’s Inspector of Inland Letter carriers, created the Post Office London Directory. In 1802 Kelly & Co. was launched and c.1845 began the production of county directories. Devon first appeared in 1856 with a county map executed by the Becker company (B&B 132). This was reissued at c.5-yearly intervals with updated maps. The last issue of the directory seen with Becker’s map is that of 1873. For the next issue of 1883 a new map was engraved and lithographed by F Bryer (B&B 159). When this was reissued in 1889 (illustrated) inset plans of Exeter and Plymouth had been added to the map. 

Title: PLAN OF EXETER – inset to Kelly’s Map of Devon (top right)

Size: 107 x 123 mm with Scale 2 Inches to 1 Mile (= 50 mm).

Imprint below complete map: London: Kelly’s Directory Office, 51 Gt. Queen Street. 

The simple plan covers an area from Exwick (top left) to Wonford (bottom right) with only main roads and the rail lines being shown.

Kelly reissued his directories at roughly four year intervals. The words To Exmouth were added to that railway line for the 1893 issue. There was no further change in the later issues (1897 and 1900).

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 59.     John Hooker / Reynolds I                                                          1892 

Herbert Edward Reynolds, a local historian and author of a short history of the diocese, edited a number of items from the Cathedral Archives including some plans and writings by John Hooker and brought them to the attention of a wider public in his An Original Manuscript Of John Hooker, Chamberlain Of The City Of Exeter 1555. This was published in 1892 and included illustrations of two of John Hooker’s manuscript plans made 300 years earlier.^[1] Reynolds’ book included a Preface from Hooker’s ‘Great History of Exeter’ – now in the Guild Hall of the same City Written by his own hand, and never before printed – and included descriptive notes and an introduction. Hence, although John Hooker’s original manuscript plan was executed in 1590 it was not until 1892 that the plan of St. Sidwell´s (below) or the Churchyard (next entry) were first printed.

Though there is no actual title to the plan described below there is text written within a rectangle which describes the limits of the Fee ‘And so forth by the middle of ye same waye to a lile water there called Shyttebrooke, And downe by ye midle of the same brooke unto ye Southe ende & corner of a garden of ye sayde Prior of St. Johns adioynante yto the same brooke wch garden lyeth in the West Syde of the same brooke and within the soyle Fee & ground afore sayde. And so from ye same South ende & corner by and by dytch of ye same garden into a pathe westewardes lyinge betwene ye landes called St Johns  feeldes on ye one partie, and ye Soyle Fee & ground aforesayde on the other partie. And so forthe in the same pathe westewardes unto a close of William menardes. And so by ye  midle of ye same close over the close sometimes of Roger Golde in y southe partie and ye barne of ye sayde Thomas Bernes ats Renolde in ye north partye And so out into the high waye called Croldich waye, And so forth by ye midle of ye same waye Northwards betwene ye garden and tenement of John at Forde in the west parte into ye high waye cominge from Exeter to St Annes Chappell &c.’ 

Title: No title but shows the area of St. Sidwell’s Fee

Size: 260 x 285 mm. A compass (top) but no scale. 

The plan shows the Fee of St. Sidwell, part of the castle and the city walls from the east gate round to the south gate. Features of note include the Guildhall^[2] at the corner of Paris Street; the doorway through the wall into the close; the Alms houses; three county stones; and St. Karlet’s Cross.

In 1911 William Pollard published An Account of the sieges of Exeter by John Hoker – transcribed by William J Harte. This work contained other plans executed by Hooker usually with his imprint: William Pollard & Co. Ltd. Lithographers, Exeter & London.

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^[1] The original drawing and that of the churchyard are part of the collection of Hooker manuscripts formerly held by the Dean and Chapter as D&C.Ex.3530 f.37 and D&C 3530 f.59-60. They are now lodged at the Devon Record Office. Both maps are listed in a Table of Contents to Hooker's history (ECA Book 52) but the maps have no titles: Platt of St Sidwells Fee; and A Platte of the Churchyarde.

^[2] The courts of the Lords of the Fee were held in this guildhall.