52.     Dulau / Bartholomew                                                                  1884 

The Dulau company began their famous Thorough Guide Series in 1882 (North Devon and Cornwall) and 1884 (South Devon and Cornwall, illustrated above). The editors (and probably authors) were M J B Baddeley and Charles Slegg Ward, hence the series became known as the Baddeley & Ward series.

Mountford John Byrde Baddeley (1843-1906), a school master, earned his reputation as the compiler of these Thorough Guide books for pedestrians. He settled in the Lake District which he popularized as a pleasure resort. According to the advertising text in the guides: In English topographical writing for tourists, the Thorough Guide Series is so far ahead of any other that there can scarcely be said to be a good second to it. (Saturday Review, August 28^th, 1886). The Times (August 3^rd, 1887) even went so far as to compare a Baddeley with a Baedeker. A cursory glance at the contents page and page numbering of different editions seems to imply little up-dating, however, a lot of new detail was added for each issue.

In the two volumes, a total of 28 maps of Devon and Cornwall areas were included. The Exeter map was included in both the South and the North guides from 1884. 

Title: EXETER

Size: 150 x 205 mm with Scale of 1/4 Mile (40 mm).

Signature: J Bartholomew Edinr. 

Initially the map has a scale, and even has a reference to Tramway Routes^[1], but the plan has no shading and no graticule (see top illustration, South edition 1884). It only shows the main roads and the principal buildings. The map appeared in all the following: 

Thorough Guide ... North Devon And North Cornwall Second Edition, Revised (1884)

Thorough Guide ... North Devon And North Cornwall Third Edition, Revised (1885-1886)

Thorough Guide ... North Devon And North Cornwall Fourth Edition, Revised (1888)

Thorough Guide ... North Devon And North Cornwall Fifth Edition, Revised (1891-92)

Thorough Guide ... North Devon And North Cornwall Sixth Edition, Revised. (1892-1894)

Thorough Guide ... North Devon And North Cornwall Seventh Edition, Revised. (1896-1901)

 

Thorough Guide Series: No. VII ... South Devon And South Cornwall. First Edition (1884)  

Thorough Guide ... South Devon And South Cornwall Second Edition, Revised (1885-1887)

Thorough Guide ... South Devon And South Cornwall Third Edition Revised. (1889-1890)

Thorough Guide ... South Devon And South Cornwall Fourth Edition, Revised. (1891-1892)

Thorough Guide ... South Devon And South Cornwall Fifth Edition, Revised. (1895-1901)

 

The only major changes were carried out prior to the 1890 South Devon issue. A list of Railway Stations and Hotels has been added outside the map area (left). The Key now has City Walls. A graticule (grid system) has been laid over the map and there are numerous new inclusions, e.g. Barnfield Road and Barnfield Crescent. Some building names have changed, e.g. Bude Haven Hotel (now Bude Hotel), Cavalry Barracks is Higher Barracks and Free Ch. (now Wesleyan Chapel) etc.  The original theatre has now become the Drill Hall (the old theatre in Bedford Street) and there is a New Theatre in Longbrook Street, the foundation stone was laid in May and the theatre opened in October 1886.

For some 1892/1893 and 1901 issues the List of Railway Stations and Hotels has been moved inside the map area (see illustration).

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^[1] The first horse-drawn tram route was opened between St. Sidwell and Heavitree in 1882.

 53.     Freeman I                                                                                     1887 

Edward Augustus Freeman (1823-1892) was a medieval and constitutional historian famous for his History of the Norman Conquest. In 1887 the history of Exeter appeared as one of the Historic Towns series edited by Freeman and the Rev. William Hunt and which actually included a total of four maps. Besides the two maps included below, Freeman´s work contained small reproductions of both Braun and Hogenberg (3) and a copy of Daniel Lysons´ representation of the very early manuscript map of Henry VIII (see Lysons, 19). An Edward A Freeman wrote a long section on architecture for inclusion in Baedeker´s Guides to Great Britain (this did not include a map of Exeter until the 1900s).

Both of these maps were printed in Freeman’s History of Exeter: Historic Towns – Exeter by Edward A Freeman, DCL, LL D. which was published by Longmans, Green and & Co., of London, New York and Bombay in 1887 with a Second Edition of 1890 and a Third Edition in 1892 and 1901. 

Title: EXETER 1886

Size: 245 x 160 mm with Scale of Feet (800 = 41 mm) (or 1 Mile = 270 mm).

Imprint:  Longmans, Green, & Co., London, New York, and Bombay.         

A simple street plan covering only the central area from the bridge to St. Sidwell’s and from Queen Street Station to the Devon & Exeter Hospital. Built up areas are shaded. The city wall is shown with the old gates named and the line of the old bridge pecked. Note the reference within the castle grounds that they belong to the County of Devon and also a dashed line off the High Street and crossing South Street with a note Site of Ikenild Way.^[1]

                                                                                                                                                                                                        Return to Catalogue

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^[1] This may well be the route of a Roman Road, but the Icknield Way runs from Ivinghoe Beacon in Buckinghamshire to Knettishall Heath in Norfolk and claims to be the oldest road in Britain.

54.     Freeman II                                                                             1887 (C11th)

In 1887 the history of Exeter by Edward Augustus Freeman appeared as one of the Historic Towns series edited by Freeman and the Rev. William Hunt.

The first map is shown in the previous entry and besides the map included below, Freeman´s work contained small reproductions of both Braun and Hogenberg (3) and a copy of Daniel Lysons´ representation of the very early manuscript map of Henry VIII (see Lysons, 19). 

Title: EXETER in the ELEVENTH CENTURY.

Size: 135 x 85 mm with Scale (1/2 mile = 35 mm).

Signature: Stanford’s Geogl Estabt and imprint:

London: Longmans & Co. 

Simply hachured map showing the main roads and walls. This is very similar to the plan included by Kerslake (46) and is found in Historic Towns – Exeter by Edward A Freeman (see also 53).

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 55.     Ward & Lock I                                                                            1887

 

Ebenezer Ward and George Lock started their own firm on Midsummer's Day, 1854. The Locks were an influential Dorchester family and George Lock's father had married Eliza Galpin making George Lock (1832-1891) first cousin to Thomas Dixon Galpin, later to make his name with Cassell, Petter and Galpin. Ebenezer Ward (1819-1902) was a manager for the Illustrated London News publishers' book business. The two were introduced by Thomas Galpin and Ward & Lock was launched with a £1000 loan from George Lock senior, the articles of partnership being signed June 23^rd, 1854. After initial friendly relations and support, contact between the two cousins was broken when Galpin and his partner, George William Petter, took over Cassell's to found a rival business partnership. From 1891 until c.1897 James Bowden was a partner and they traded as Ward, Lock and Bowden Ltd.^[1]

Ward and Lock guides often included maps first published by Henry Besley in the 1850s and smaller maps (e.g. Exeter or Lynmouth) printed by G Philip and Son. Ward & Lock published a number of titles covering Devon; Bideford (from approx. 1897); Dartmoor (1895); Dawlish (1898); Exeter (1898); Exmouth (1898); Ilfracombe (1896); Lynton and Lynmouth (1886); Plymouth (1895); Sidmouth (1899); Teignmouth (1898); and Torquay (1884).^[2] The Exeter plan appeared in Ward & Lock's Pictorial and Historical Guide To North Devon (circa 1887) and Ward & Lock's Pictorial and Historical Guide To South Devon (circa 1888). 

Title: EXETER

Size: 186 x 263 mm with Scale of ¼ Mile  (50 mm).

Imprint:  G. Philip & Son, Fleet Street. 

This is a simple street plan, limited to main roads, with principal buildings blocked and named. The area covered is from St. Thomas Station to St. David’s Station and southeast to the Training College.

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^[1] Edward Liveing; Adventure in Publishing – The House of Ward Lock 1854-1954; Ward, Lock & Co. Ltd; 1954.

^[2] Based on information at www.wardlockredguides.co.uk, British Library and EWSL holdings and author´s own collection.

56.     Ordnance Survey                                                                          1888 

In 1888 the Ordnance Survey produced an Index to the Ordnance Survey of Devonshire Shewing Civil Parishes. It was reissued the same year as the Diagram of the Sanitary Districts in Devonshire and again in 1891 with the first title (B&B 164, illustrated). These maps included an inset map of Exeter. In the same year the Ordnance Survey published the results of their now revised survey of Exeter made in 1875-6. This was published in 41 sheets, each sheet covering an area 0.2 by 0.3 miles at a scale of 1:500 and numbered as sub-divisions of their 1:2500 sheets. These were revised in 1890. In 1890 Exeter’s plans drawn at 1:10,560 (the 6" to the mile) were published on 4 sheets (80 NW, NE, SW, SE). They were revised in 1906 in 1932 and again in 1938.

At the same time, 1887-1892 Charles E Goad produced Insurance Plans for Exeter, at a scale of 1in to 40ft (1:480). These plans were leased and not sold and were continually updated by paste-on slips until 1962. In 1968 they were replaced by their Shopping Centre Plans which are updated at least every two years. The current scale is 1:1000. 

Title: Enlarged Sketch of Portion of the City & County of the City of Exeter.

Size of inset: 115 x 115 mm but no scale. 

The plan shows the parishes with a reference key (bottom right). Note the two areas within the City boundary that are still part of Devon County: A is the County Gaol and B is the Castle. Heavitree, St. Leonard and St. Thomas the Apostle are shown outside the city/county boundary (the old municipal boundary).

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 57.     Cassell & Co. Ltd  II                                                                  1888 

Amongst many railway publications and timetables published by the various operators a few were issued with maps. From 1888 Cassell & Co. published The Official Guide to the London & South Western Railway. This guide contained a number of maps (including a county map of Devon; B&B 165) and plans of railway stations, including Exeter and Plymouth. 

Title: PLAN OF EXETER

Size: 130 x 200 mm. No Scale.

Imprints: London and South Western Railway Official Guide and Cassell & Company, Limited, London. 

The plan can be found in The Official Guide to the London & South Western Railway published in London by Cassell & Co., Ltd. First issued in 1888 it was most probably published annually but only reissues of 1889 and 1891 are known.

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 58.     Kelly / Bryer                                                                                 1889

 

In 1799 Frederick Festus Kelly, His Majesty’s Inspector of Inland Letter carriers, created the Post Office London Directory. In 1802 Kelly & Co. was launched and c.1845 began the production of county directories. Devon first appeared in 1856 with a county map executed by the Becker company (B&B 132). This was reissued at c.5-yearly intervals with updated maps. The last issue of the directory seen with Becker’s map is that of 1873. For the next issue of 1883 a new map was engraved and lithographed by F Bryer (B&B 159). When this was reissued in 1889 (illustrated) inset plans of Exeter and Plymouth had been added to the map. 

Title: PLAN OF EXETER – inset to Kelly’s Map of Devon (top right)

Size: 107 x 123 mm with Scale 2 Inches to 1 Mile (= 50 mm).

Imprint below complete map: London: Kelly’s Directory Office, 51 Gt. Queen Street. 

The simple plan covers an area from Exwick (top left) to Wonford (bottom right) with only main roads and the rail lines being shown.

Kelly reissued his directories at roughly four year intervals. The words To Exmouth were added to that railway line for the 1893 issue. There was no further change in the later issues (1897 and 1900).

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